Teaching Plan Information

Presentation

Course description:

This course examines the processes of early modern global exchange between 1453 and 1814. Throughout the course, students will explore the evolution and interactions of the societies, cultures and economies of Europe, Asia, Africa, the Pacific and the Americas. Each session will invite students to analyze and debate topics related to the European colonial projects, the colonization of the New World, the African slave trade, the Catholic missionary project, the competition between the great Islamic empires, the economic systems of Asia and the Pacific, the conflicts between the European colonial powers and the great Asian empires, and the so-called Great Divergence between the European and Asian economies. 

Course focus and approach:

The course aims to put the discussion of globalization into historical and interdisciplinary perspective by examining the long-lasting interactions of Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe from the Early Modern Times to the 19^th Century.

This course offers a historical perspective of the globalization process during the early modern period. This period was marked by an extensive and fruitful exchange between European, African, Asian and Latin American societies, a global encounter that was political (diplomatic relationships), cultural (ideas and concepts) and material (commodities and products) alike.

Based on the framework of Global History, this course will help students to acquire a range of study, analytical and research skills relevant to the configuration of the global society. A six-credit survey of selected topics in Global History from the first globalization to the Great Divergence: The inclusion of America, Africa and Asia in new patterns of contacts, the consolidation of new colonial empires overseas, the process of divergence between European economies and societies and the rest of the world….

Associated skills

The associated skills for this module are outline specifically in the Memoria of the degree They include:

General Skills: CG1, CG2, CB1, CB2, CB3 y CB5

Transversal Sills: CT1

Specific Skills: CE1, CE2, CE6, CE8

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes for this module can be found in the Memoria for the degree. They include:

R.A. 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.6; 1.7; 2.1; 2.2; 2.3; 2.5; 6.3; 8.1; 8.2; 8.3

Sustainable Development Goals

The students will engage in debates concerning sustainability, economic growth, production and consumption, by examining the effects of global trade, colonization, gender equality, changes in climate conditions or globalization in world history. 

ODS: 3, 10, 13. 

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites.

Contents

Introduction

Introductory session. 

• Welcome words 
• Syllabus and contents
• Course requirements
• Assessment criteria

Session 1. Global History.  

• Theoretical frameworks
• Debates 

Session 2. Global History.  

• Waves of globalization 
• Themes

Part I: Early Modern Period, the Shape of the World History from 1500

Session 3. Outside Europe.  

• Trade and the Formation of Polities
• Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-contact Americas
• African empires to 1500
• Indian Ocean Trade
• Polynesian Seafaring and Exploration

Session 4. Global History from 1500. 

• Great Changes: New technologies
• Empires: Iberian Empires
• The Columbian Exchange
  

Session 5. Conquest and colonization.

• The conquest of the Americas: a drawn-out process
• Indigenous Collaborators and Conquistadors
• Fringes of empire in the Atlantic world: New France and the Thirteen Colonies

Session 6. The opening of the Pacific.  

• Iberians in Asia and the Pacific
• Empires: Asian Empires 
• Cross-cultural Trade
• Circulation of commodities: Silver

Session 7. Responses and reactions. 

• Indigenous rebellion
• Maroon communities
• Limits to European Colonization in Africa and the Indian Ocean

Session 8. Migrations and Slavery in the Atlantic.

• Organized and autonomous migration
• The Atlantic Slave Trade
• Trans-pacific Slave Trade

Session 9. Global Mixed Societies.  

• Racial and Ethnic Systems: criollismo and mestizaje
• Asian immigrants in the Americas: the case of the china poblana
• Class and Social Mobility

Session 10. The many visions of the World.

• Interactions across the World
• Intercultural diplomacy
• Cultural Encounters

Session 11. Global Crisis.                      

• Little Ice Age
• Confronting the crisis
• New engagements with the rest of the world

Session 12. Mercantile Empires.

• The Dutch 
• Economic History
• Trade wars

Session 13. Global Exchanges.  

• Imperial competition
• Understanding Global Trade
• Circulation of commodities: sugar, cacao, coffee, potato, tea, silk, cotton

Part II: World History to 1800

Session 14. Gender and Sexuality. 

• Marriage and family structure
• Miscegenation and Captivity
• Witchcraft

Session 15. The Caribbean and the Atlantic World.

• The Ecological Transformation of the Atlantic World
• Commodity Frontiers
• Piracy and Smuggling

Session 17. People on the Move.

• 18th century Early Modern Interconnections
• Global Missionaries: Catholic and Protestant strategies compared
• Qing expansion into Central Asia: the Treaty of Nerchinsk

Session 18. Global Sanctity.  

• Tridentine doctrine and Protestantism
• Local and Metropolitan Saints: Christian Syncretism outside Europe
• The Rise of Wahhabism

Session 19. The Great Divergence.

• Industrious revolutions 
• Modern economic growth

Session 20. The New Wave of Globalization.

• Sources of European power
• Power and Revolutions
  

Teaching Methods

Teaching methodology:

This course consists of a mixture of lectures and seminars. 

Each class includes lecture and discussion of the readings. The lectures are designed to provide students with information necessary for thoughtful discussion and engagement with the assigned readings.

There will be 3 face-to-face seminars.

Evaluation

Assessment criteria:

Course requirements: readings, short assignments, class participation… (20%)

Each class includes both lecture and discussion. The participation grade takes account of punctual attendance; completing required readings and short assignments and submitting them when due; familiarity with, and reflection on, the assigned readings; and active and thoughtful participation in discussion.

Seminars and assignments (30%)

The three seminars will consist of 3 “face-to-face” seminars

The 3 seminars will be followed by class discussions and 3 additional written assignments. The format of these 3 short written assignments will be in standard essay form with notes and bibliography. The written assignments about should be delivered by email before the established deadlines. Further information will be provided on the seminar and paper requirements.

Final Exam (50%)

Students are required to prepare one final exam.

Attendance

Some students may not be able to attend lecture classes or seminars because of health reasons, because they are not physically in Barcelona or because of the time zone differences. For these students, professors will provided them with a recorded copy of the lecture classes and will organize an online session that will take the place of the “face-to-face” sessions for each of the seminars. But it is extremely convenient to inform the professors about this situation at the very beginning of the course.

Recovery Exam

A student is permitted to sit the recovery exam only if he or she has failed the course.

A student who has failed the course may also "recover" a seminar paper or papers. Students may not "recover" a seminar paper or papers in attempt to improve a passing final grade. On the day and at the time of the recovery exam, students may turn in a hard, paper copy of any seminar paper that they failed to turn in during the term, or for which they received a failing grade. A student who turns in a recovery seminar paper or papers can only receive a maximum grade of 7.0 for each recovery paper.

Students may not attend the recovery exam to attempt to improve a passing grade. The recovery exam will follow the same structure as the final exam, though the questions may differ. A student who sits the recovery exam can only receive a maximum grade of 7.0 for the exam.

Bibliography and information resources

Required readings for exam preparation

• ABU-LUGHOD, J.L. (1989). Before European Hegemony: The World System, AD. 1250-1350. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• BERG, M. (2006). Britain, industry and perceptions of China: Matthew Boulton, ‘useful knowledge’ and the Macartney Embassy to China 1792–94. Journal of Global History, 1 (2), pp. 269-288.
• BURKE, P. (1999). “The Philosopher as Traveller: Bernier’s Orient”, in Elsner, Jaś, Rubiés, Joan Pau (eds). Voyages and Visions: Towards a Cultural History of Travel, pp.124–137.
• CARRILLO, J. (2010). “Taming the visible: Word and image in Oviedo’s Historia General y Natural de las Indias”. Viator, 31, pp. 399-431.
• CONRAD, S. (2016). What is Global History. Princeton University Press, pp. 205-235.
• FLYNN, D. O. and GIRALDEZ, A. (1995) “Born with a ‘Silver Spoon’: The Origin of World Trade in 1571”, Journal of World History, Vol. 6, nº 2, pp.201-221.
• GRAFE, R., & IRIGOIN, M. (2006). "The Spanish Empire and its legacy: Fiscal redistribution and political conflict in colonial and post-colonial Spanish America". Journal of Global History, 1(2), pp. 241-267.
• GULDI, J. and ARMITAGE, D. (2014). “Introduction: the bonfire of the humanities?”, The History Manifesto. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1-10.
• GUPTA, B.; Ma, D. & Roy, T. (2016). "States and Development: Early Modern India, China and Great Divergence" in Eloranta, J., Golson, E., Markewich, A and N. Wolf, (eds) Economic History of Warfare and State Formation, Springer 2016.
• KAGAN, R. (2000). “Piety and Polity: Town and City in the Hispanic World”, in Urban Images of the Hispanic World, 1493-1793. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2000, pp. 19-44.
• NUNN, N. and QIAN, N. (2010). “The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas”, Journal of Economic Perspectives. American Economic Association, Volume 24, Number 2, Spring, pp. 163–188.
• OKA, M. (2018). "The Nanban and Shuinsen Trade in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century Japan". In Perez Garcia M., De Sousa L. (eds) Global History and New Polycentric Approaches. Singapore: Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 163-182.
• PARKER, G. (2008). “Crisis and Catastrophe: The Global Crisis of the Seventeenth Century Reconsidered”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 1053-1079.
• RESTALL, M. (2005). “The Americas in the Age of indigenous Empires”, in Jerry H. Bentley, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, and Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, The Cambridge World History, Vol. 6, pp. 210-242.
• SEIJAS, T. (2014). Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• VICUÑA GUENGERICH, S. (2009). "The Witchcraft Trials of Paula de Eguiluz, a Black Woman, in Cartagena de Indias, 1620-1636", in Kathryin J. McKnight and Leo Garofalo, Afro-Latino Voices: Narratives from the Early-Modern Ibero-Atlantic World, 1550-1812. Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.
• VRIES, P. (2016). “What we do and do not know about the Great Divergence at the beginning of 2016”, Historische Mitteilungen der Ranke-Gesellschaft, 28, pp. 249-297.
  
• WEISNER-HANKS, M. (2016). "World History and the History of Women, Gender, and Sexuality", in Ross E. Dunn, Laura J. Mitchell, and Kerry Ward. In The New World History: A Field Guide for Teachers and Researchers. Oakland: University of California Press.

General bibliography

● Baylin B. & Denault, P.L. (eds.), Soundings in Atlantic History, Latent Structures and Intellectual Currents 1500-1830 (Harvard University Press, 2009).
● Bayly, C.A. The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914. Global Connections and Comparisons (Blackwell, 2004).
● Bentley, J.H. & Ziegler, H.F. Traditions & encounters: a global perspective on the past (McGraw-Hill, 2006)
● Bentley, J.H; Subrahmanyam, S. & Wiesner-Hanks M.E., The Cambridge World History. Volume 6 Part 1. Foundations, (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
● Bentley, J.H; Subrahmanyam, S. & Wiesner-Hanks M.E., The Cambridge World History. Volume 6 Part 2, The Construction of a Global World, 1400–1800 CE. (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
● Bentley, J. ( ed.), Handbook of World History (Oxford, 2011
● Berg, M. Goods from the East: Trading Eurasia 1600-1800. (Palgrave Publishers, 2015)
● Berg, M. Consumption and global history in the early modern period. In: Roy, Tirthankar and Riello, Giorgio, (eds.) Global Economic History. (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019.
● Boxer, C.R. The Portuguese seaborne empire, 1415-1825 (Hutchinson, 1969).
● Braudel, F. Civilization and Capitalism 15 th -18 th Century (1979).
● Rockey, Liam Matthew. The Visitor: André Palmeiro and the Jesuits in Asia. Cambridge (MA: Cambridge University Press, 2014).
● Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge. Puritan Conquistadors: Iberianizing the Atlantic, 1550-1700 (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2006).
● Cañizares-Esguerra, Jorge. How to Write the History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2002).
● Clarence-Smith, W. Cocoa and Chocolate 1765-1914. (Routledge, 2000).
● Coello de la Rosa, A. Jesuits at the Margins. Missions and Missionaries in the Marianas (1668-1769) (London & New York: Routledge, 2016).
● Cohen, W. East Asia at the Center (New York, 2000).
● Colley, L. The Gun, the Ship, and the Pen: Warfare, Constitutions, and the Making of the Modern World. (Liveright, 2021).
● Crosby, A. Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
● Cullen, L. M. A History of Japan, 1582-1941: internal and external worlds (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
● Curtin, P.D. Cross-cultural trade in world history (Cambridge University Press, 1984).
● Duiker, W. & Spielvogel, J., World History: Volume II, since 1500, 8th ed. (Cengage Learning, 2016)
● Ebrey, P. et al. East Asia: A Cultural, Social and Political History (Boston, 2006).
● Goldman, M. et al. Historical Perspectives on Contemporary East Asia (Cambridge University Press, 2000).
● Greenblatt, S. Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the New World. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
● Gruzinski, S. Les Quatre parties du monde. Histoire d’une mondialisation (La Martinière, 2004).
● Gruzinski, S. The Eagle and the Dragon: Globalization and European Dreams of Conquest in China and America in the Sixteenth Century (Polity Press, 2014).
● Bishnupriya Gupta “South Asia in the World Economy: 1600- 1950” in G. Riello and T. Roy (ed) Global Economic History, Bloomsbury, 2018.
● Hanesa, M. & Oka, M. (eds) A Maritime History of East Asia. (Kyoto University Press/Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2019
● Irigoin, A. "The New World and the Global Silver Economy, 1500-1800" . In: Roy, Tirthankar and Riello, Giorgio, (eds.) Global Economic History. (London: Bloomsbury Academic,2019)
● Kennedy, P. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (Random House, 1989).
● Maddison, A. Chinese Economic Performance in the Long-Run. (OECD, 1998).
● McNeill, J. & Pomeranz K. The Cambridge World History Volume 7: Production, Destruction and Connection 1750–Present, Part 1: Structures, Spaces, and Boundary Making (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
● McNeill, J. & Pomeranz K. The Cambridge World History Volume 7: Production, Destruction and Connection 1750–Present, Part 2: Shared Transformations? (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
● Mintz, S. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (Penguin Books, 1985).
● Needham, J. Science in Traditional China: A Comparative Perspective (Harvard University Press, 1982).
● Mote, F. W. Imperial China, 900-1800 (Harvard University Press, 1999).
● Osterhammel, J. & Petersson, N. P. Globalization: A Short History (Princeton University Press, 2009).
● Osterhammel, J. The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century (Princeton University Press, 2014).
● Pomeranz, K. & Topik, S. The World that Trade Created. Society, Culture and the World Economy, 1400 to the Present. (M. E. Sharpe, 2006).
● Schirokauer, C. et al. Modern Asia: A Brief History (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2008).
● Schwartz, S. (ed.), Tropical Babylons: Sugar and the Making of the Atlantic World, 1450-1680 (The University of North Carolina Press, 2004).
● Spence, J. D. The Search of Modern China (W. W. Norton, 2012).
● Stearns, P. Globalization in World History (Routledge, 2009).
● Strayer, R. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History With Sources. Volume 2: Since 1500 (Bedford St. Martin’s Press, 2011).
● Subrahmanyam, S. The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500-1700: A Political and Economic History (Longman, 1993).
● Subrahmanyam, S. “On World Historians in the Sixteenth Century”. Representations, 91, 2005, pp. 26-57.
● Tignor, R. et al. Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the Modern World from the Mongol Empire to the Present (W. W. Norton, 2002).
● Tignor, R., Ademan, J. et. al., World's together, World's Apart: A Hsitory of the World from 1000 CE to the Present, 4th ed. v. 2 (Norton, 2013)
● Von Sivers, P., Senoyers, C.A. & Stow, G.B., Patterns of World History: Volume Two, since 1400, 2d ed. (Oxford, 2014).

Teaching Plan Information

Presentation

Course description:

This course examines the processes of early modern global exchange between 1453 and 1814. Throughout the course, students will explore the evolution and interactions of the societies, cultures and economies of Europe, Asia, Africa, the Pacific and the Americas. Each session will invite students to analyze and debate topics related to the European colonial projects, the colonization of the New World, the African slave trade, the Catholic missionary project, the competition between the great Islamic empires, the economic systems of Asia and the Pacific, the conflicts between the European colonial powers and the great Asian empires, and the so-called Great Divergence between the European and Asian economies. 

Course focus and approach:

The course aims to put the discussion of globalization into historical and interdisciplinary perspective by examining the long-lasting interactions of Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe from the Early Modern Times to the 19^th Century.

This course offers a historical perspective of the globalization process during the early modern period. This period was marked by an extensive and fruitful exchange between European, African, Asian and Latin American societies, a global encounter that was political (diplomatic relationships), cultural (ideas and concepts) and material (commodities and products) alike.

Based on the framework of Global History, this course will help students to acquire a range of study, analytical and research skills relevant to the configuration of the global society. A six-credit survey of selected topics in Global History from the first globalization to the Great Divergence: The inclusion of America, Africa and Asia in new patterns of contacts, the consolidation of new colonial empires overseas, the process of divergence between European economies and societies and the rest of the world….

Associated skills

The associated skills for this module are outline specifically in the Memoria of the degree They include:

General Skills: CG1, CG2, CB1, CB2, CB3 y CB5

Transversal Sills: CT1

Specific Skills: CE1, CE2, CE6, CE8

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes for this module can be found in the Memoria for the degree. They include:

R.A. 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.6; 1.7; 2.1; 2.2; 2.3; 2.5; 6.3; 8.1; 8.2; 8.3

Sustainable Development Goals

The students will engage in debates concerning sustainability, economic growth, production and consumption, by examining the effects of global trade, colonization, gender equality, changes in climate conditions or globalization in world history. 

ODS: 3, 10, 13. 

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites.

Contents

Introduction

Introductory session. 

• Welcome words 
• Syllabus and contents
• Course requirements
• Assessment criteria

Session 1. Global History.  

• Theoretical frameworks
• Debates 

Session 2. Global History.  

• Waves of globalization 
• Themes

Part I: Early Modern Period, the Shape of the World History from 1500

Session 3. Outside Europe.  

• Trade and the Formation of Polities
• Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-contact Americas
• African empires to 1500
• Indian Ocean Trade
• Polynesian Seafaring and Exploration

Session 4. Global History from 1500. 

• Great Changes: New technologies
• Empires: Iberian Empires
• The Columbian Exchange
  

Session 5. Conquest and colonization.

• The conquest of the Americas: a drawn-out process
• Indigenous Collaborators and Conquistadors
• Fringes of empire in the Atlantic world: New France and the Thirteen Colonies

Session 6. The opening of the Pacific.  

• Iberians in Asia and the Pacific
• Empires: Asian Empires 
• Cross-cultural Trade
• Circulation of commodities: Silver

Session 7. Responses and reactions. 

• Indigenous rebellion
• Maroon communities
• Limits to European Colonization in Africa and the Indian Ocean

Session 8. Migrations and Slavery in the Atlantic.

• Organized and autonomous migration
• The Atlantic Slave Trade
• Trans-pacific Slave Trade

Session 9. Global Mixed Societies.  

• Racial and Ethnic Systems: criollismo and mestizaje
• Asian immigrants in the Americas: the case of the china poblana
• Class and Social Mobility

Session 10. The many visions of the World.

• Interactions across the World
• Intercultural diplomacy
• Cultural Encounters

Session 11. Global Crisis.                      

• Little Ice Age
• Confronting the crisis
• New engagements with the rest of the world

Session 12. Mercantile Empires.

• The Dutch 
• Economic History
• Trade wars

Session 13. Global Exchanges.  

• Imperial competition
• Understanding Global Trade
• Circulation of commodities: sugar, cacao, coffee, potato, tea, silk, cotton

Part II: World History to 1800

Session 14. Gender and Sexuality. 

• Marriage and family structure
• Miscegenation and Captivity
• Witchcraft

Session 15. The Caribbean and the Atlantic World.

• The Ecological Transformation of the Atlantic World
• Commodity Frontiers
• Piracy and Smuggling

Session 17. People on the Move.

• 18th century Early Modern Interconnections
• Global Missionaries: Catholic and Protestant strategies compared
• Qing expansion into Central Asia: the Treaty of Nerchinsk

Session 18. Global Sanctity.  

• Tridentine doctrine and Protestantism
• Local and Metropolitan Saints: Christian Syncretism outside Europe
• The Rise of Wahhabism

Session 19. The Great Divergence.

• Industrious revolutions 
• Modern economic growth

Session 20. The New Wave of Globalization.

• Sources of European power
• Power and Revolutions
  

Teaching Methods

Teaching methodology:

This course consists of a mixture of lectures and seminars. 

Each class includes lecture and discussion of the readings. The lectures are designed to provide students with information necessary for thoughtful discussion and engagement with the assigned readings.

There will be 3 face-to-face seminars.

Evaluation

Assessment criteria:

Course requirements: readings, short assignments, class participation… (20%)

Each class includes both lecture and discussion. The participation grade takes account of punctual attendance; completing required readings and short assignments and submitting them when due; familiarity with, and reflection on, the assigned readings; and active and thoughtful participation in discussion.

Seminars and assignments (30%)

The three seminars will consist of 3 “face-to-face” seminars

The 3 seminars will be followed by class discussions and 3 additional written assignments. The format of these 3 short written assignments will be in standard essay form with notes and bibliography. The written assignments about should be delivered by email before the established deadlines. Further information will be provided on the seminar and paper requirements.

Final Exam (50%)

Students are required to prepare one final exam.

Attendance

Some students may not be able to attend lecture classes or seminars because of health reasons, because they are not physically in Barcelona or because of the time zone differences. For these students, professors will provided them with a recorded copy of the lecture classes and will organize an online session that will take the place of the “face-to-face” sessions for each of the seminars. But it is extremely convenient to inform the professors about this situation at the very beginning of the course.

Recovery Exam

A student is permitted to sit the recovery exam only if he or she has failed the course.

A student who has failed the course may also "recover" a seminar paper or papers. Students may not "recover" a seminar paper or papers in attempt to improve a passing final grade. On the day and at the time of the recovery exam, students may turn in a hard, paper copy of any seminar paper that they failed to turn in during the term, or for which they received a failing grade. A student who turns in a recovery seminar paper or papers can only receive a maximum grade of 7.0 for each recovery paper.

Students may not attend the recovery exam to attempt to improve a passing grade. The recovery exam will follow the same structure as the final exam, though the questions may differ. A student who sits the recovery exam can only receive a maximum grade of 7.0 for the exam.

Bibliography and information resources

Required readings for exam preparation

• ABU-LUGHOD, J.L. (1989). Before European Hegemony: The World System, AD. 1250-1350. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• BERG, M. (2006). Britain, industry and perceptions of China: Matthew Boulton, ‘useful knowledge’ and the Macartney Embassy to China 1792–94. Journal of Global History, 1 (2), pp. 269-288.
• BURKE, P. (1999). “The Philosopher as Traveller: Bernier’s Orient”, in Elsner, Jaś, Rubiés, Joan Pau (eds). Voyages and Visions: Towards a Cultural History of Travel, pp.124–137.
• CARRILLO, J. (2010). “Taming the visible: Word and image in Oviedo’s Historia General y Natural de las Indias”. Viator, 31, pp. 399-431.
• CONRAD, S. (2016). What is Global History. Princeton University Press, pp. 205-235.
• FLYNN, D. O. and GIRALDEZ, A. (1995) “Born with a ‘Silver Spoon’: The Origin of World Trade in 1571”, Journal of World History, Vol. 6, nº 2, pp.201-221.
• GRAFE, R., & IRIGOIN, M. (2006). "The Spanish Empire and its legacy: Fiscal redistribution and political conflict in colonial and post-colonial Spanish America". Journal of Global History, 1(2), pp. 241-267.
• GULDI, J. and ARMITAGE, D. (2014). “Introduction: the bonfire of the humanities?”, The History Manifesto. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1-10.
• GUPTA, B.; Ma, D. & Roy, T. (2016). "States and Development: Early Modern India, China and Great Divergence" in Eloranta, J., Golson, E., Markewich, A and N. Wolf, (eds) Economic History of Warfare and State Formation, Springer 2016.
• KAGAN, R. (2000). “Piety and Polity: Town and City in the Hispanic World”, in Urban Images of the Hispanic World, 1493-1793. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2000, pp. 19-44.
• NUNN, N. and QIAN, N. (2010). “The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas”, Journal of Economic Perspectives. American Economic Association, Volume 24, Number 2, Spring, pp. 163–188.
• OKA, M. (2018). "The Nanban and Shuinsen Trade in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century Japan". In Perez Garcia M., De Sousa L. (eds) Global History and New Polycentric Approaches. Singapore: Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 163-182.
• PARKER, G. (2008). “Crisis and Catastrophe: The Global Crisis of the Seventeenth Century Reconsidered”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 1053-1079.
• RESTALL, M. (2005). “The Americas in the Age of indigenous Empires”, in Jerry H. Bentley, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, and Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, The Cambridge World History, Vol. 6, pp. 210-242.
• SEIJAS, T. (2014). Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• VICUÑA GUENGERICH, S. (2009). "The Witchcraft Trials of Paula de Eguiluz, a Black Woman, in Cartagena de Indias, 1620-1636", in Kathryin J. McKnight and Leo Garofalo, Afro-Latino Voices: Narratives from the Early-Modern Ibero-Atlantic World, 1550-1812. Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.
• VRIES, P. (2016). “What we do and do not know about the Great Divergence at the beginning of 2016”, Historische Mitteilungen der Ranke-Gesellschaft, 28, pp. 249-297.
  
• WEISNER-HANKS, M. (2016). "World History and the History of Women, Gender, and Sexuality", in Ross E. Dunn, Laura J. Mitchell, and Kerry Ward. In The New World History: A Field Guide for Teachers and Researchers. Oakland: University of California Press.

General bibliography

● Baylin B. & Denault, P.L. (eds.), Soundings in Atlantic History, Latent Structures and Intellectual Currents 1500-1830 (Harvard University Press, 2009).
● Bayly, C.A. The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914. Global Connections and Comparisons (Blackwell, 2004).
● Bentley, J.H. & Ziegler, H.F. Traditions & encounters: a global perspective on the past (McGraw-Hill, 2006)
● Bentley, J.H; Subrahmanyam, S. & Wiesner-Hanks M.E., The Cambridge World History. Volume 6 Part 1. Foundations, (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
● Bentley, J.H; Subrahmanyam, S. & Wiesner-Hanks M.E., The Cambridge World History. Volume 6 Part 2, The Construction of a Global World, 1400–1800 CE. (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
● Bentley, J. ( ed.), Handbook of World History (Oxford, 2011
● Berg, M. Goods from the East: Trading Eurasia 1600-1800. (Palgrave Publishers, 2015)
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